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{{Infobox Bone | Name = Lumbar vertebrae |
Latin = |
GraySubject = 23 |
GrayPage = 104 |
Image = Gray93.png |
Caption = A typical lumbar vertebra |
Image2 = Illu vertebral column.jpg |
Caption2 = Vertebral column. |
Precursor = |
System = |
Artery = [median sacral artery |
Vein = |
Nerve = |
Lymph = |
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
DorlandsPre = |
DorlandsSuf = |
-->The
lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body.
General characteristics
These are the general characteristics of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The fifth vertebra contain certain peculiarities, which are detailed below.
As with other vertebrae, each lumbar vertebra consists of a
vertebral body and a
vertebral arch. The vertebral arch, consisting of a pair of
pedicles and a pair of
laminae, encloses the
vertebral foramen (opening) and supports seven
Process (anatomy).
Vertebral body
The vertebral body of each lumbar vertebra is large, wider from side to side than from front to back, and a little thicker in front than in back. It is flattened or slightly concave above and below, concave behind, and deeply constricted in front and at the sides.
Vertebral arch
The
Pedicles are very strong, directed backward from the upper part of the vertebral body; consequently, the inferior vertebral notches are of considerable depth. The pedicles change in morphology from the upper lumbar to the lower lumbar. They increase in sagittal width from 9 mm to up to 18 mm at L5. They increase in angulation in the axial plane from 10 degrees to 20 degrees by L5. The pedicle is sometimes used as a portal of entrance into the vertebral body for fixation with pedicle screws or for placement of
bone cement as with
kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty.
The laminae are broad, short, and strong. They form the posterior portion of the vertebral arch. In the upper lumbar region the lamina are taller than wide but in the lower lumbar vertebra the lamina are wider than tall. The lamina connect the spinous process to the pedicles.
The vertebral foramen within the arch is triangular, larger than in the
thoracic vertebrae, but smaller than in the
cervical vertebrae.
Processes
The
spinous process is thick, broad, and somewhat quadrilateral; it projects backward and ends in a rough, uneven border, thickest below where it is occasionally notched.
The superior and inferior
articular processes are well-defined, projecting respectively upward and downward from the junctions of pedicles and laminae. The facets on the superior processes are concave, and look backward and Anatomical terms of location#Relative directions; those on the inferior are convex, and are directed forward and lateralward. The former are wider apart than the latter, since in the articulated column the inferior articular processes are embraced by the superior processes of the subjacent vertebra.
The
transverse processes are long and slender. They are horizontal in the upper three lumbar vertebrae and incline a little upward in the lower two. In the upper three vertebrae they arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae, but in the lower two they are set farther forward and spring from the pedicles and posterior parts of the vertebral bodies. They are situated in front of the articular processes instead of behind them as in the thoracic vertebrae, and are
Homology (biology) with the ribs.
Of the three
tubercles noticed in connection with the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the superior one is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process, and is named the
mammillary process. The inferior is situated at the back part of the base of the transverse process, and is called the
accessory process.
Peculiar lumbar vertebrae
Some individuals have four lumbar vertebrae, while others have six. Lumbar disorders that normally affect L5 will affect L4 or L6 in these individuals.
The fifth lumbar vertebra is characterized by its body being much deeper in front than behind, which accords with the prominence of the sacrovertebral articulation; by the smaller size of its spinous process; by the wide interval between the inferior articular processes; and by the thickness of its transverse processes, which spring from the body as well as from the pedicles.
The fifth lumbar vertebra is by far the most common site of spondylolysis and
spondylolisthesis.
Additional images
Image:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png|Vertebral column.
Image:Gray430.png|Muscles of the iliac and anterior femoral regions.
See Also
External links
- Lumbar Spine Anatomy with Stewart Eidelson
- Lower back pain: Conditions and treatment
- Cleveland Clinic videos
{{Infobox Bone | Name = Lumbar vertebrae |
Latin = |
GraySubject = 23 |
GrayPage = 104 |
Image = Gray93.png |
Caption = A typical lumbar vertebra |
Image2 = Illu vertebral column.jpg |
Caption2 = Vertebral column. |
Precursor = |
System = |
Artery = [median sacral artery |
Vein = |
Nerve = |
Lymph = |
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
DorlandsPre = |
DorlandsSuf = |
-->The
lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body.
General characteristics
These are the general characteristics of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The fifth vertebra contain certain peculiarities, which are detailed below.
As with other vertebrae, each lumbar vertebra consists of a
vertebral body and a
vertebral arch. The vertebral arch, consisting of a pair of
pedicles and a pair of
laminae, encloses the
vertebral foramen (opening) and supports seven
Process (anatomy).
Vertebral body
The
vertebral body of each lumbar vertebra is large, wider from side to side than from front to back, and a little thicker in front than in back. It is flattened or slightly concave above and below, concave behind, and deeply constricted in front and at the sides.
Vertebral arch
The Pedicles are very strong, directed backward from the upper part of the vertebral body; consequently, the inferior vertebral notches are of considerable depth. The pedicles change in morphology from the upper lumbar to the lower lumbar. They increase in sagittal width from 9 mm to up to 18 mm at L5. They increase in angulation in the axial plane from 10 degrees to 20 degrees by L5. The pedicle is sometimes used as a portal of entrance into the vertebral body for fixation with pedicle screws or for placement of
bone cement as with
kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty.
The laminae are broad, short, and strong. They form the posterior portion of the vertebral arch. In the upper lumbar region the lamina are taller than wide but in the lower lumbar vertebra the lamina are wider than tall. The lamina connect the spinous process to the pedicles.
The vertebral
foramen within the arch is triangular, larger than in the
thoracic vertebrae, but smaller than in the cervical vertebrae.
Processes
The
spinous process is thick, broad, and somewhat quadrilateral; it projects backward and ends in a rough, uneven border, thickest below where it is occasionally notched.
The superior and inferior
articular processes are well-defined, projecting respectively upward and downward from the junctions of pedicles and laminae. The facets on the superior processes are concave, and look backward and Anatomical terms of location#Relative directions; those on the inferior are convex, and are directed forward and lateralward. The former are wider apart than the latter, since in the articulated column the inferior articular processes are embraced by the superior processes of the subjacent vertebra.
The
transverse processes are long and slender. They are horizontal in the upper three lumbar vertebrae and incline a little upward in the lower two. In the upper three vertebrae they arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae, but in the lower two they are set farther forward and spring from the pedicles and posterior parts of the vertebral bodies. They are situated in front of the articular processes instead of behind them as in the thoracic vertebrae, and are Homology (biology) with the ribs.
Of the three
tubercles noticed in connection with the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the superior one is connected in the lumbar region with the back part of the superior articular process, and is named the
mammillary process. The inferior is situated at the back part of the base of the transverse process, and is called the
accessory process.
Peculiar lumbar vertebrae
Some individuals have four lumbar vertebrae, while others have six. Lumbar disorders that normally affect L5 will affect L4 or L6 in these individuals.
The fifth lumbar vertebra is characterized by its body being much deeper in front than behind, which accords with the prominence of the sacrovertebral articulation; by the smaller size of its spinous process; by the wide interval between the inferior articular processes; and by the thickness of its transverse processes, which spring from the body as well as from the pedicles.
The fifth lumbar vertebra is by far the most common site of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis.
Additional images
Image:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png|Vertebral column.
Image:Gray430.png|Muscles of the iliac and anterior femoral regions.
See Also
External links
- Lumbar Spine Anatomy with Stewart Eidelson
- Lower back pain: Conditions and treatment
- Cleveland Clinic videos
Lumbar vertebrae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse ...
Lumbar vertebrae - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Lumbar ...
In anatomy, an irregularly shaped bone that forms part of the vertebral column. Children have 33 vertebrae, 5 of which fuse in adults to form the sacrum and 4 to form the coccyx.
Lumbar Vertebrae (C50008)
Two dissectible lumbar vertebrae with nerves. Supplied with three interchangeable discs, two herniated - one lateral, one dorsal and one normal disc. Mounted on stand but ...
Definition: lumbar vertebrae from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.
The Lumbar Vertebrae
This exhibit features the skeletal system with terms which describe the locations of the parts of the human body and an instroduction to the skeletal system and links.
BBC Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Skeleton Layer
Your 7 cervical vertebrae support your head and neck and allow you to nod and shake your head; Your ribs attach to your 12 thoracic vertebrae; Your five sturdy lumbar vertebrae carry ...
Automatic Lumbar Vertebrae Segmentation in Fluoroscopic Images via ...
Low back pain is a very common problem in the industrialised countries and its associated cost is enormous. Diagnosis of the underlying causes can be extremely difficult. Many ...
Finding Lumbar Vertebrae by Evidence Gathering - ECS EPrints ...
Zheng, Y., Nixon, M. S. and Allen, R. (2000) Finding Lumbar Vertebrae by Evidence Gathering. In: 6th Annual Scientific Conference of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in ...
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Lumbar vertebrae
There are five lumbar vertebrae located in the lower back. These vertebrae receive the most stress and are the weight-bearing portion of the back.
Lumbar vertebræ - definition of Lumbar vertebræ in the Medical ...
Lumbar vertebrae. The vertebrae of the lower back below the level of the ribs.
